How to Clean Vacuum Filter: Step-by-Step Guide

1. What you’ll need

• A sink or a small container filled with clean water
• A soft microfiber cloth or towel for drying
• A drying rack or a clean, airy spot for the filter to dry
• A soft-bristle brush (like an old toothbrush) to remove dust
• A trash bin for emptying loose debris

2. Identify your filter type

• Foam Filter: This is a soft, sponge-like filter commonly found in bagless vacuums or as a pre-motor filter. Foam filters are usually washable and can be rinsed under lukewarm water. Just make sure they are completely dry before reinstalling.

• Pleated Paper or Synthetic Filter: These filters are usually made of folded material that looks like an air filter. They trap fine dust and are often found in upright or canister vacuums. Some are washable, but many are not. Always check the manufacturer’s instructions. If it’s not washable, tap off excess dust and replace it when it looks worn or clogged.

• HEPA Filter: High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters capture very fine particles, including allergens. Some HEPA filters are washable, but many are not and need to be replaced after a few months of use. If your vacuum uses a non-washable HEPA filter, never rinse it—doing so can ruin the filtering material.

3. How to Clean Each Vacuum Filter

3.1 Foam Filters

• Create a cleaning solution: Fill a small bowl or sink with hot water and add a couple of drops of mild dish soap or all-purpose cleaner.

• Soak and clean: Submerge the foam filter and gently press it to work the soapy water through the sponge. If the water turns very dirty, drain and make a fresh batch, repeating the process until the water stays mostly clear.

• Rinse thoroughly: Rinse under clean water until all soap is gone.

• Dry completely: Press the foam gently inside a microfiber towel to absorb excess moisture. Then leave it on a drying rack to air dry for at least 24 hours. Only reinstall it once it's completely dry.

3.2 Pleated Paper or Synthetic Filters

• Pleated paper filters: Remove the filter and gently tap it over a trash can to shake loose the dust. Use a soft brush (like an old toothbrush) to dislodge stubborn debris. Never wash or soak a paper filter.

• Synthetic fiber filters: Similar to pleated paper in appearance but washable. After tapping out dust, rinse the filter briefly under cool running water. Avoid using soap. Gently pat it dry with a towel and let it air dry completely on a rack before putting it back.

3.3 HEPA Filters

• Dry cleaning: If the HEPA filter is not washable, remove it and lightly tap it against a trash can or outside railing to loosen dust. Do not brush or rinse it.

• If washable: Some HEPA filters are labeled washable. In that case, rinse with cool water only—no soap. Let the water run until it flows clear. Do not scrub or twist the filter. Lay it flat to dry for 24 hours before reinserting.

4. When to Replace Your Vacuum Filter

• Foam Filters: Foam filters are typically washable and reusable. As long as they aren’t torn, overly worn, or losing their shape, you can continue to clean and reuse them. However, if the foam starts to break down or has a persistent odor even after washing, it’s time for a new one.

• Pleated Paper or Synthetic Filters: These filters usually aren’t meant to be washed. While you can gently tap out dust or brush them off a few times, they do wear out quickly. Most manufacturers recommend replacing them after every few uses, especially if suction drops or the filter looks discolored or clogged.

• HEPA Filters: HEPA filters are designed to trap extremely fine particles, including allergens. Some are washable, but many are not. If your HEPA filter is not washable, lightly tapping out dust can extend its life a little, but you’ll still need to replace it according to the schedule in your vacuum’s manual — usually every 6 to 12 months depending on usage. For washable HEPA filters, replace them when cleaning no longer restores airflow or they appear damaged.

• Vacuum maintenance